China revives The Silk Road

Guest post from Calipe Chong, founder of VipoAsia and author of VipoAsia’s blog

The Ancient Silk Road - Wikicommons

China adopted West Development Strategy since January 2000 to beef up the economic development in the western region to close the gap with the prosperous eastern region at the coast line. In the last 10 years, the central government had financed more than 3.5 trillion yuan ($512.4 billion) to support development of the western region which consists of 12 western provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities with a combined population of about 370 million. They include Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. This year alone, China planned to invest 468.9 billion yuan ($69 billion) for projects in this region.

President Hu Jintao announced on May 21 at the central work conference that Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region would receive 2 trillion yuan ($295 billion) in next 5 years for fixed asset investment to double up its GDP to national average by 2015. The purpose is to improve Xinjiang’s infrastructure, self-development capacity, ethnic unity and social stability. Premier Wen Jiabao also proposed a series of preferential policies to boost Xinjiang, among which was the resource tax reform launched on June 1. The government is trying hard to reduce regional income disparities which have escalated into a big social problem. It hopes to harmonize the strife tension between ethnic Uyghur and Han Chinese.

The vast natural resources on minerals, oil and gas would also provide the return on this vast investment. Central state-owned companies and large private corporations are becoming a powerful engine for the rapid economic growth in Xinjiang.

Kashgar, an ancient Silk Road trading post located in western Xinjiang, has been singled out as an economic development zone meant to increase trade with nearby Central Asian nations. It is to be modeled after the special economic zone (SEZ) of Shenzhen with preferential policies in addition to becoming a comprehensive reform experimental zone. The 50 square kilometer SEZ is planned to boost the city’s economy and population to one million but also drive the economies of the surrounding cities and countries.

To further enhance the connectivity of Xinjiang, the government had begun constructing the second high speed railway line linking it with the inland cities and Beijing. This would make the journey from Urumqi, provincial capital of Xinjinag, to Beijing an awesome 12 hours compared with the current 40.

China has developed her high speed train to a remarkable speed of 350 Km per hour. And she now has the longest high speed train network in the world. She is experimenting train with speed of 500 Km per hour which will be delivered in less than 5 years time. The engineers and scientists are researching train with speed up to 1,000 km per hour. They hope the super high speed train would be operational in 10~15 years time. If that happens, it will revolutionize the whole transport industry and a major threat to short distance flight. The whole supply chain will have to be remodeled.

With the success of her high speed train, she now embarks on a very aggressive ambition to develop transcontinental high speed rail lines spanning across 17 countries. She is planning to develop 3 major rail lines as follows:

(a) Southern route – Kunming in southwest China with Singapore passing through Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia

(b) Western route – Urumchi in northwest China with Germany passing through Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey

(c) Northern route – Heilongjiang in northeast China with South-Eastern Europe through Russia

The whole network links 28 states with 81,000 km railroads. This massive network connecting China with Central Asia and Eastern Europe looks so much like the ancient Silk Road. I call it the Metallic Silk Route. It is mind-boggling and breathtaking for China to visualize such almost impossible feat. China has meticulously setting her plan to rekindle the ancient trading with Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia and South Asia.

She plans to build it with her own money in exchange for resources from the respective states. This would help her to tap opportunities and resources from the resource-rich Central Asia and less dependent from her current overseas suppliers. It will probably bring tremendous trade opportunities and wealth to the under-developed Central Asia which has been deprived from the global economy for centuries. Many states may find it hard to resist the China offer. Without the high speed railway, it is difficult for them to sell their resources to finance the nation building and welfare development.

The direct access to Middle East and Eastern Europe without using the sea lanes would mean that China can depend less on the narrow, congested and pirates infested Malacca Straits and controversial India Ocean and South China Sea. Any hiccups at these sea lanes could bring China economy to her knees. Chinese does not like someone holding his throat. The massive man power and resources to build and maintain the Great Wall to deter the invasion from the West is a good example of what China would do to keep her safe.

We need to understand the impact of ancient Silk Road to the countries involved to conceptualize what the Metallic Silk Route would bring to the region. The ancient Silk Road was an important path for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China, India, Tibet, Persia, Arab and Rome for almost 3,000 years. The eastern road was made safe from bandits by the Han Dynasty in early 200 BC. Han Wudi managed to foster a safe passage with the various kingdoms in the region.

The road which was reputed as 6,400 Km long enabled trade in silk, slaves, spice, perfumes, medicines, jewels, artifacts, glassware, etc. More importantly it allows the spread of knowledge, ideas, teachings, culture, food, music, language and religion. All the countries not only gain wealth from the immense trading but also intellectual development from the diverse countries. Many inventions and thoughts were developed. It had flourished the civilizations at both ends of the continent. Buddhism was brought to China from India while Islam was brought to Central Asia from Arab. There are many Chinese Muslims living in western China right till now.

The Turks who came into power after the fall of Mongol Empire had literally cut off the Silk Road around 1400 AD. It had deprived the West from access to beloved silk and spice from the East. This had compelled Portugal and Spain to find an alternate sea route to the East. The success of the maritime explorers brought Europe to Asia and had helped it to become colonial powers for centuries. Without the quest to the East to acquire the commodities, the global development would not be what it is today.

In ancient time, the Romans would pay gold for the silk from China. And now China is buying resources from Central Asia with her huge foreign reserves. The Metallic Silk Route allows her vital oil and gas import from Middle East and Russia to flow in through an alternate route. This is a very critical strategy to sustain her huge consumption of energy. And she is also less vulnerable on the negotiation table with the less friendly countries.

China attempts to revitalize trading with her western neighbors is sensational and formidable in this new century. She cannot do it alone. Besides the contiguous states along the railway lines, she also needs the investment and involvement from the well developed nations to succeed. This spells great opportunities for companies willing to venture in this new frontier. This will be a new chapter in global trading.

In twenty years time, the whole Asia will revive her glory, might and global dominance once again after a millennium gap. The impact would be far greater than the ancient Silk Road era. The wind of power and influence never stop circulating around the globe.

* This entry has been published with the permission of the author, Calipe Chong of Vipo Asia.  Please visit VipoAsia to access his blog directly and read more of his insight on Asia and the world.

New Silk Road Built by China Connects Asia to Latin America – Bloomberg

Bloomberg just published a fascinating article about the growth of inter-emerging market trade.   I highly recommend read the complete story, direct from Bloomberg’s website.  Below, CSA presents a few excerpts from the article, which highlight some of the exchange between fellow emerging markets.

“There are now massive trade connections within the emerging markets and they’re becoming increasingly important,” said King in a telephone interview. “It means in one sense the emerging world is protected from the worst ravages of the developed world.”

Shenzen-based Huawei Technologies Co., its biggest maker of phone equipment, had orders of $1.7 billion from India in 2008 and said in January that it will invest $500 million in its research center in Bangalore.

China Mobile Ltd. of Hong Kong, the world’s biggest phone carrier, is “interested in doing business in Africa,” where it can boost services in rural areas, Chairman Wang Jianzhou said in a June 26 interview.

Vale in 2009 acquired stakes in three copper projects, in Zambia, Africa’s largest producer of the metal, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In April this year, the company agreed to pay $2.5 billion for iron ore deposits in Guinea, including assets the country confiscated from the Rio Tinto Group.

There is still scope for ties to strengthen. In a study released last week, the Washington-based Inter-American Development Bank concluded “massive bilateral trade” could develop between Latin America and India if tariffs are cut.

Click here to access the complete article from Bloomberg

Micro-Insurance

As the US struggles to recover its economic standing in the world, the doors of change will be wide open. For better or worse… The structure of the American-US insurance industry will change in the next 8 years.

Micro-Insurance always took a back seat in my personal interests in the world economic development theories and tools. However, as this article highlights, the sector is growing and innovative ways to offer insurance to poor people are being tested. If a individual is able to grow his/her business from the ground up on monthly loans of a mere $60-120, why too should not they experience the economic benefit of having a life insurance plan if they pay for it. Surely, life insurance will be cheaper developing countries.

Microfinance has exceeded the expectations of most skeptics. Why can’t Micro-Insurance do this too?

PlaNet Finance to launch micro-insurance schemes

The UAE-based PlaNet Finance Group plans to introduce micro-insurance schemes in the region to reduce the impact of the crisis on micro entrepreneurs who have outstanding loans.

While the organised banking system has been severely hit by the financial crisis as individual and corporate customers fail to repay huge amounts of loans, the micro finance sector has been relatively unaffected. Even big insurance companies such as Allianz are interested in providing insurance to the poorest members of society.

Speaking to Emirates Business, Sawsen Ayari, Microfinance Expert and Programme Manager, PlaNet Finance UAE, said the agency is planning to expand its micro-insurance schemes across the Middle East and North Africa (Mena).

Through PlaNet Guarantee, a company specialised in the distribution of micro-insurance products, the group intends to spread micro-insurance facilities in several Mena countries. The company has a tie up with the global insurance company Allianz and successfully implemented a micro-insurance scheme in Egypt.

The current global financial crisis has created a situation to expand microfinance to other institutions in the region, Ayari said. The group is also working closely with leading pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer.

Under PlaNet Finance’s tie up with Allianz, it is providing micro insurance schemes for the first time in Middle East in Egypt, where premium rates are as low as $1 and cover loans of $1,500 (Dh5,509) to $2,000 availed by micro entrepreneurs, Ayari said.

“The global financial crisis has not directly affected microfinance institutions because they operate in areas not directly linked to global finance. Some entrepreneurs in travel and tourism may be hit, but it will take some time before micro entrepreneurs in the region can be affected. Such insurance schemes will insure their loan repayment capacity.”

The group has microfinance institutions in Afghanistan, Egypt, Syria, Oman and Jordan.

Another company in the field, First Microfinance Foundation (FMF), successfully tested the first micro insurance scheme in the Mena region in Egypt, where it introduced credit life insurance to micro entrepreneurs. The FMF currently provides death and disability insurance to its clients.

Allianz Life Insurance covers the entire loan portfolio of the microfinance firm against a premium, which is paid upfront at each new loan disbursement.

Each new client is insured against death and disability, in case of which, the FMF gets 110 per cent of the initial loan amount and keeps the outstanding amounts to pay back the unpaid installments. The remaining balance is paid to the client’s family in case of death due to disease or accident or to the client in case of permanent total disability.

About 100 loan officers of FMF are trained on death and disability insurance for the benefit of the company’s 14,000 clients.

PlaNet Guarantee is targeted at people who do not have access to traditional insurance. Such clients also are not beneficiaries of social protection mechanisms to protect themselves against different risks such as health and natural catastrophes.

It works closely with the microfinance institutions that have strong presence on the ground. The company also works closely with insurance and reinsurance groups, health professionals and development agencies.

PlaNet Guarantee, which also acts as an insurance broker, works for the promotion of micro-insurance schemes around the world, with schemes running in 10 countries. It also provides consultancy service to microfinance institutions.

[Source] – Emirates Business 24/7

Weekend Newswire: South-South Cooperation

[Brazil - Saudi Arabia] – Saudi Arabia and Brazil are natural allies

By Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva

This week I will have the honor to be the first Brazilian President to officially travel to Saudi Arabia. I retain fond memories of the visit in 2000 of the then Crown Prince to Brazil. Since then, numerous high level visits have further strengthened the ties between our two countries and peoples.

Brazil prides itself on having roots in the rich cultural heritage of Arab civilization. Successive waves of immigrants from the Middle East have made their way to Brazil in search of a new horizons and a better life. Over the years they have contributed to forging present-day Brazil and to its diverse human landscape. Arab values, tastes and sensibilities are today an integral part of what it means to be Brazilian.

My trip to Saudi Arabia aims to explore and enhance these many-faceted affinities and the opportunities for cooperation that they offer. Much has been achieved over recent years, but much remains to be done if we are to fully realize the potential of two thriving economies that are making their mark on the global scene.

[China - Bahrain] – Bahrain reviews construction ties with China
Co-operation between Bahrain and China in the construction sector was discussed at a key meeting.

Minster of State for Foreign Affairs and Tamkeen chairman Dr Nazar Al Baharna met a Chinese business delegation and discussed various issues of mutual interest.

Development of programmes that can reduce the dependency of construction companies on unskilled labour by introducing machinery and technological solutions was also highlighted.

[India - Kenya] – Kenya, India to beef up ties in small industry sector
In yet another indication of India’s growing interest in the East African region, the country’s National Small Industries Corp (NSIC) has signed an agreement with Kenya Industrial Estates (KIE) to strengthen cooperation in the small scale industry sector.

KIE is a state-run agency of Kenya to promote indigenous entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises (SME).

According to media reports here, the partnership involves technology transfer, and marks a major step towards improving Kenya’s quality standards in manufacturing, production and human resources.

“The government is keen to forge a viable partnership with friendly countries, particularly in the spirit of south-south cooperation,” Kenyan Industrialisation Minister Henry Kosgey was quoted as saying.

[Asia - Africa] – Asian Foreign Direct Investment in Africa
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa by developing Asian economies is growing and has the potential to reach much higher levels. The present report notes that Africa-bound FDI is still a small percentage of the rapidly climbing foreign investments being made by Asian transnational corporations.

The rapid economic growth in Asia can be expected to lead to increased Asian investments in Africa, in both natural resources and manufacturing. In particular, the rapid industrial upgrading taking place in Asia provides ample opportunities for Africa to attract efficiency-seeking and export-oriented FDI from Asian economies.

The Middle Kingdom meets the Middle East

[South-South Cooperation] — China, Middle East — Reuters Analysis — by Alan Wheatley, China Economics Editor

Alan Wheatley is an intelligent journalist with years of experience reporting news in both Taiwan and mainland China whom I respect a great deal. Alan’s article does a superb job of combining hard data with different points of views from experts on all sides to present a unbiased report.

This is the general principle Reuters journalists follow. By providing the reader with the necessary perspectives and hard data to back them up, the reader is expected to make their own decision on the significance of the article.

As there always are, I am sure some bad apples exist. After a internship with Reuters Beijing Bureau back in 2006, I can personally testify that the Beijing staff makes a concerted effort to uphold the journalist’s creed and report both sides of the story.

With no fanfare, a $5 billion (3.3 billion pounds) refinery in which Saudi Aramco has a 25 percent stake quietly began processing oil a couple of weeks ago in eastern China.

The start-up of the Fujian plant, half-owned by top state-owned refiner Sinopec (0386.HK), testifies to the thickening trade and investment ties between China and the Arab world.

China’s exports to the 22 members of the Arab League jumped to $62.3 billion last year from just $7.2 billion in 2001, the year China joined the World Trade Organisation. The share in total Chinese exports rose to 4.4 percent from 2.7 percent.

Imports from the Arab world over the same period grew to $70.3 billion from $7.5 billion, doubling the share in total imports to 6.2 percent, according to official Chinese data.

…

Nowhere is this more in evidence than in Yiwu, a town in eastern China whose vast wholesale markets draw traders from across the globe in search of cheap consumer goods.

“We don’t see too many Europeans any more. These days, most of our customers are from the Middle East,” Zhu Shanshan, a sales representative at Dove Candle, which sells scented candles and handicrafts, said on a recent visit to Yiwu.