The 21st century’s most important trade network – The Asia-Pacific triangle

Having followed, written about and participated in the growth of China – Latin America’s exchange over the past 10 years, I must say it is refreshing to see the increasing awareness around the globe of the growth of Asia-Pacific cooperation.  Every week news media around the world publish news and analysis pertaining not only to China – Latin America, but increasingly about the geopolitical triangle of the greater Asia-Pacific region.

Aljazeera added to the wealth today by publishing the transcript of a interview they conducted with former Peruvian Ambassador to China, and current Ambassador to the US - Harold Forsyth.  In the interview Aljazeera reporter Eddie Walshe discusses with Ambassador Forsyth his perspective on the growing importance of Asia-Pacific cooperation and more particularly, how Peru fits into the Asia-Pacific triangle of the Greater Asia region (with a special emphasis on China), North America and South America.

As someone who personally believes the growth of trade and exchange between nations of the Asia Pacific and the Americas (North & South) will be the most important network of exchange this century, I highly recommend giving it a read.

Click here to access Peru’s place in the triangle of Asia-Pacific security, published by Aljazeera

What people around the world define as the Asia-Pacific region varies widely, for your author (me) I consider it to include all nations, cultures and territories on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.  This means “Oceania,” despite being a region in itself must naturally be included.  It also tends to include India, because although India is usually not considered a “Pacific” nation, it is a major geopolitical power in this equation.

Within the Asia-Pacific region there is however a level of exchange and interaction which is far more significant when looking at the greater region as a whole — and that, in my opinion is the triangular interaction of North East Asia (China, South Korea, Japan), North America, and South America.  Of course, one could argue discounting Russia, India, Australia and the nations of SE Asia and leaves many players out of the equation. I only do so because their links to the America’s are relatively small when compared with China, South Korea and Japan.

Why is this triangular network so important you ask?  Let’s quickly review some facts which come to mind pertaining to a few specific categories — Economic output & International Trade, Commodity production/ consumption (energy, metals and agriculture), and geopolitical security

• The Asia-Pacific region includes the world’s three largest economies — The United States, China (PRC), and Japan.
• These three economies make up a large portion of global economic output, commodity consumption/production, and trade.
• In terms of commodity consumption & production you find within this triangle (to name a few):
• Top 5 iron ore producers – Brazil, China, Australia, India and Russia
• Top 4 iron ore consumers – China, Russia, Japan and South Korea
• A few of the top energy producers, Russia (#1), the US, China, Venezuela and ever more significant levels of energy production coming from Brazil and Canada
• The top 5 oil consumers – United States, China, Japan, Russia, and India
• The Top 5 copper producers – Chile, Peru, the US, China, Australia
• 3/5 of the top copper consumers – China, India & the US
• Major sources of precious metal production (Gold & Silver) Russia, China, Australia, Peru, Chile & the US
• Major sources of precious metal demand – China, & the US
• Major centers of global food production – Russia, the US and South America as a whole
• Major centers of food consumption – China, India, & the US
• Finally, the Asia-Pacific region includes many of the 21st century’s most potentially volatile geopolitical security issues. To name a few:
• US-China relations
• NE Asia which includes everything from
• The balance of power between China, Japan, and Korea (and Russia) … and ultimately how the US factors into this region
• The Korean Peninsula and all the related issues from re-unification of North & South Korea to proliferation of arms by North Korea
• The South China Seas
• The quagmire of complex inter-country relations in SE Asia
• Taiwan
• ETC

Rare question and answer Xinhua Exclusive on China- Latam relations

Thank you Xinhua News. Please click here to access the article from Xinhua News.

Yang Wanming, director-general of the the Department of Latin American and Caribbean Affairs of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, exchanged views with chinanews.com readers online on Tuesday afternoon.

 

Yang Wanming, director-generalof the Department of Latin American and Caribbean Affairs of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, answers questions from chinanews.com readers online on Jan 17, 2012. [Photo/Chinanews.com]

 

Topic: China-Latin America cooperation in culture

Q: How do China and Latin America cooperate in the field of culture?

A: China has opened 32 Confucius institutes in Latin America, covering almost all Latin American countries. Both sides also send art troupes to visit one another and conduct people-to-people exchanges. Many Chinese people like their football, music and dances and engage in studying Spanish and Portuguese. Many Chinese books have also been translated into Spanish and sold in Latin America.

Topic: Cooperation in energy

Q: What’s the current situation with Sino-Latin American energy cooperation? Some people think China is plundering energy resources there and uses it as a way to curb the US.

A: China is trying to carry out comprehensive cooperation with Latin American countries and its efforts have been well welcomed by them. The cooperation not only benefits the two parties, but also contributes to global peace, stability and prosperity. It started late and is on a relatively small scale, but has been developing fast. China imported 20.73 million tons of crude oil from Latin American countries in 2010, which accounts for 8.7 percent of China’s total import in that year. Venezuela has become China’s 4th largest oil provider. The two parties will explore cooperation on new energy. It’s totally based on equality and mutual benefit and will do no harm to the third party.

Topic: US view on China-Latin America relationship

Q: The relationship between China and Latin American countries has developed so fast. What do you think of the feeling in the US to this?

A: In recent years, the independence of Latin American countries is growing and its economic growth momentum becomes more diverse than before.

The rapid development of China-Latin America relations is on the basis of mutual benefit and win-win for both sides and is within the needs of Latin American countries’ diversified diplomacy and development strategy.

It will not only benefit development of both, but also contribute to the world’s stability and development.

China and the US have already established a consultation mechanism on Latin-America, and through four different consultations, the two parties have enhanced their mutual trust on this issue.

And the US has repeatedly stressed in their consultations that strengthening relations between China and Latin American countries will be good for Latin-America’s stability and development.

Topic: Chinese workers kidnapped in Colombia

Q: It was reported that several Chinese employees were kidnapped in Colombia by unidentified armed militants. How are they now? Could you release some information about the rescue efforts?

A: Four Chinese workers were kidnapped by some unknown armed militants in Caquetá province in Colombia on June 8, 2011. We have urged the Colombia authority to spare no effort to carry on the rescue work under the premise of guaranteeing the safety of hostages. Since then, the Chinese embassy in Colombia has kept in close cooperation and contact with Colombia’s relevant departments. The rescue work has not finished yet, but the safety of the four hostages can be guaranteed. Chinese companies are facing more risks as they go global on a larger scale. We need to increase our political backup and diplomatic guarantee to them, strengthen the consular protection and safeguard their legitimate interests. Meanwhile we advise Chinese people in Latin America to improve their sense of safety and precaution.

Q: How about China-Mexico relations?

A: China and Mexico are both developing countries and are working at enhancing people’s living standards. They hold the same positions on many international issues and regularly cooperate on these..

China and Mexico have some trade friction over trade imbalance problems, but we hope both sides can deal with the problems reasonably and from a development point of view.

We hope both can take active measures to promote the diverse, comprehensive and healthy development of the two countries’ economic and trade relations.

February 14 marks the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Mexico. We believe the relations can become more comprehensive, steadier and healthier with the two countries’ joint efforts in the future.

Q: Can you talk about the relationship between China and Brazil?

A: Brazil is one of the biggest countries in Latin America and one of the emerging powers in the region. The China-Brazil relationship is one of the most important between China and Latin America.

In recent years, the strategic partnership between China and Brazil has made considerable progress. They maintain a good momentum of high-level exchanges and the political mutual trust is deepened.

Their economical cooperation is also deepening constantly, which has brought tangible benefits to people of both countries. Bilateral trade volume exceeded $80 billion in 2011. Investment cooperation in finance, energy, steel, and machine manufacturing has also made great progress, and is expanding constantly.

China and Brazil have active exchanges in science, technology and culture as well.

The cooperation in the fields of Earth resource satellites, agricultural technology and aviation is progressing continuously. And the cooperation in culture and education is also very close.

China’s Confucius Institute Headquarters opened two Confucius Institutes and a Confucius school in Brazil and Brazil’s important media institutions have sent many journalists to work in China.

China and Brazil are both developing countries and have broad and consistent interests on major international issues. The Chinese government attaches great importance to relations with Brazil and believes the two countries’ cooperation in various fields will make great progress with their joint efforts.

 

APEC summit catapults Peru into China’s mainstream news

Peru, China cooperation has bilateral benefits

LIMA, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) — Peru and China have enjoyed friendly relations which allow the development of business opportunities for both sides, Peruvian Prime Minister Salomon Lerner told Xinhua on Friday.

Xinhua News - CN President Hu Jintao with PE President Ollanta Humala

Lerner also confirmed that the Peruvian government doesn’t have intention to review or modify the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed between Peru and China, which came into force since 2010.

The 5th China-Latin America Business Summit will be held in Lima on Nov. 21 and 22. In this framework, Lerner said Peru offers “a series of possibilities of investment” and cooperation in many fields.

“I reassert the invitation to the Chinese companies to explore possibilities of association with Peruvian companies,” he added.

Click here to read the full article direct from Xinhua News

Leaders of China, Peru seek new cooperation

HONOLULU – Chinese President Hu Jintao met with Peruvian President Ollanta Humala on Friday, with both sides urging deeper economic cooperation.

Humala also called for more Chinese firms to invest in Peru.

The duo met on the sideline of the 19th Economic Leaders’ Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

During the meeting, Hu said Sino-Peruvian ties are at a strategic high, and he pledged the two sides would sustain high-level communication on matters of mutual concern

Click here to read the full article direct from The China Daily

Chinese president calls for stronger ties with Peru

HONOLULU, United States, Nov. 11 (Xinhua) — Chinese President Hu Jintao met with his Peruvian counterpart Ollanta Humala Tasso here Friday, and the two pledged to work together to further advance the strategic partnership between the two countries.

The two are in Hawaii to attend the 19th Economic Leaders’ Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum scheduled for Saturday and Sunday.

Noting that both China and Peru are important developing countries in the Pacific Rim, Hu said China always treats and handles its relations with Peru from a strategic height. He put forward a four-point proposal to further boost bilateral ties.

Click here to read the full article direct from Xinhua News

China / India/ Russa (ASIA) – Latin America News Feast with a dash of US for dessert

My daily news radar (online subscriptions / searches) for all that is China – South America went off like wild fire today. Here’s some articles worthy giving a read.

Article 1: Russia Lends Venezuela $4 Billion in Return for Oil Projects - By Daniel Cancel of Bloomberg News

Russia agreed to lend Venezuela $4 billion through 2013 for defense spending in return for gaining access to heavy crude and offshore gas fields in the South American country.

Russia’s OAO Rosneft and OAO Gazprom signed a cooperation accord with Venezuelan state oil company Petroleos de Venezuela SA late yesterday at a ceremony in Caracas led by President Hugo Chavez and Russian Deputy Prime Minister Igor Sechin.

“We’re working on large-dimension projects from oil, gas and petrochemicals to finance, banking and trade,” Chavez said on state television.

Click here to read the full article direct from the Bloomberg

Article 2 = China’s JAC Motors to build plant in Brazil - By Vivian Pereira and Brad Haynes of Reuters News

To Note:
* 80 pct of capital will come from local SHC Group
* Government driving up the cost of imported carsBy Vivian

Pereira and Brad HaynesSAO PAULO, Oct 7 (Reuters) – The Brazilian operator of China’s JAC Motors brand announced a 900-million-real ($510 million) investment to build a factory producing affordable cars in the world’s No. 4 auto market.

JAC Motors will provide 20 percent of the capital, with the rest coming from the local SHC Group run by businessman Sergio Habib, SHC said in a statement on Friday.

The plant in Bahia state, expected to produce 100,000 vehicles annually beginning in 2014, will be the second producing Chinese-branded cars in Latin America’s largest economy, where authorities are pushing up the cost of imported cars.

Click here to read the full article direct from the Reuters News

Article 3: Friction between China & Bolivia

Bolivian energy minister alleges deception by Jindal Steel in big iron ore mining deal, courtesy of the Associated Press via the Washington Post

LA PAZ, Bolivia — A senior Bolivian official is threatening to end the government’s contract with India’s Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. over its alleged failure to meet investment commitments in a huge iron ore mine.

Energy Minister Jose Luis Gutierrez says Jindal deceived Bolivia in failing to honor its end of the biggest mining investment of President Evo Morales’ nearly six-year tenure.

Click here to read the full article direct from the Associated Press via the Washington Post

Article 4 = Ecuador firm wants to sell rice in the name of Gandhi - By Maneesh Chhibber of the IndianExpress.com

An Ecuador-based company has attempted to use the name and photograph of Mahatma Gandhi for marketing its rice. But an Indian lawyer has challenged the move before the Trademark Office of Ecuador. The case is scheduled to come up for hearing tomorrow.

According to Lalit Bhasin, who is also president of the Society of Indian Law Firms, the owner of the Ecuadorian company, Valverde Munoz, applied for grant of trademark for the name and label of “Arroz Gandhi” (Arroz means rice).

Click here to read the full article direct from IndianExpress.com

Article 5: Mitt Romney on Mexico, China and defense – By Dr. James M. Lindsay and courtesy of CNN News

Dr. James M. Lindsay you would think knows about the topic, as CNN makes a special point to note — Dr. James M. Lindsay is a Senior Vice President at the Council on Foreign Relations and co-author of America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy, and whom writes his own blog, which you can access by clicking here.

By James M. Lindsay, CFR.org

Mitt Romney has taken exception to Rick Perry’s comment over the weekend that he would consider sending American troops into Mexico to help end the drug war raging there. Romney told the New Hampshire Union Leader that Perry’s suggestion is “a bad idea:”

Let’s build a fence first, and let’s have sufficient border patrol agents to protect it. And if the Mexican government wants us to help it with logistics, intelligence, satellite images, I’m sure we can provide the sort of support we provided in Colombia.

You can expect to hear more about Mexico at next Tuesday’s GOP debate. If Romney makes the Colombia comparison again, he probably should explain what the United States did there. Most people don’t know.

Click here to read the full article direct from CNN

China Latin America Trade Jumps in 2010

Presidents Dilma Rousseff and Hu Jintao in China last month can celebrate rising two-way trade. (Photo: Roberto Stuckert Filho/PR)

China’s trade with Latin America is growing twice as fast as U.S. trade with the region.

BY RUTH MORRIS of the The Latin American Business Chronicle

SHANGHAI — China’s dragon breathed fire into Latin America in 2010, as trade between the two sides shot up by a spectacular 51.2 percent, to $178.6 billion, and memories of the economic recession melted away.

China’s trade with Latin America is growing at nearly twice the level of US trade with the region. It also is significantly higher than the 31 percent increase in trade between the European Union and Latin America last year.

Click here to read more direct from the Latin American Business Chronicle

Interview with Dr. Kevin P. Gallagher, author of the “Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin America”

Last week, China South America was fortunate enough to meet and interview, via a skype, Dr. Kevin P. Gallagher, author the new book   The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization (with Roberto Porzecanski).

Dr. Gallagher is a Professor at Boston University in International Relations and is faculty coordinator for Boston University’s Global Development Policy Program. Furthermore, In 2009 he served on the investment subcommittee of the US Department of State’s of the Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy. Professor Gallagher writes regular columns on global economic and development policy for The Guardian, Financial Times, and POLITICO.  He co-chairs the Triple Crisis blog.

In the roughly 30 minutes we talked, we discussed

What motivated you? Dr. Gallagher to write the Sino-Latin American dynamic and motivated him to write The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization

Mr. Gallagher’s inspiration emerged from the 3 years he spent living in Guadalajara, also known as Mexico’s Silicon Valley.  During his time in Mexico, it became very clear there was a “new kid on the block.”  When speaking with Mexican professionals, the US market and future significance for the Mexican economy had to Mr. Gallagher’s surprise taken a back seat to the emergence of China.

It was around this time in 2005, Dr. Gallagher began to investigate what the rise of China meant for both Mexico, and the greater Latin America region.  Would China’s high speed growth and fast rising competitiveness undermine Latin America’s capacity to develop their own competitive industries, or would China’s rise breed new possibilities and growth in Latin American countries?  This formed foundation for his book, which you can click here to purchase a copy of.

Next we discussed the general importance of the growth of Sino-Latin American relations and trade.

Similar to the perspectives often presented here at ChinaSouthAmerica.com, Dr. Gallagher feels the rise of China and its penetration in Latin America comes with a significant amount of uncertainty for the region, offering both opportunities and dangers.  The opportunities are clearer for some countries than others.

For major commodity producers down in South America; Venezuela, Peru, Chile and Argentina the rewards are being felt tangibly, and NOW.  China has presented itself as a new market for their raw materials exports, and Chinese demand has helped push the prices of raw materials to record highs.  However, the danger is that history may well repeat itself if the income generated from selling raw materials to China are not re-deployed efficiently and strategically to create sustainable, globally competitive industries.

The panorama for Mexico and Brazil, Latin America’s economic giants share some similarities because both countries have well a relatively broad range of developed, competitive industrial sectors.  In this case, China is a challenger to their own industries.  The positive and negatives effects of being forced to compete with their Chinese counterparts is debatable, but thus it seems Mexican and Brazilian companies have managed to meet the challenge and it seems Chinese competition will in the long-run catalyze innovation and economies of scale.

On the other hand, there are also major differences for Mexico and Brazil when considering China.  The major difference, and one that is impossible to overlook, is undoubtedly Mexico’s proximity to the United States.    Mexico competes almost directly with China’s manufacturing sector.  The major factor which will dictate how the future unfolds concerns how well Mexico can capitalize off the geographic competitive advantage of being at the door step of the world’s largest consumer market.  It will be important to monitor:

• Rising wages in China vs. Mexico.
• Raw material costs
• The total costs of producing increasingly sophisticated manufactured goods in both countries vs. total time it takes to produce and deliver the goods to the end buyers.

What’s next? Right now the majority of interaction between China and Latin America is occurring at a two levels—government to government, and major company to company.  What are your perspectives on the future of growth of a third level of exchange—that being personal ones between Chinese and Latin Americans down on the ground in both China and Latin America?  What types of opportunities does the future hold for the next generation that is able to form these links?

Like your author of ChinaSouthAmerica.com, Dr. Gallagher believes this to be the “million dollar question,” and one that is not easy to answer.  We will sadly have to wait for his next book which will focus on this question, and which your author hopes to help Mr. Gallagher answer when the time comes.

To conclude, I asked Dr. Gallagher about if he had any thoughts to share on the specific countries of Peru, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia– the countries which your author most closely follows.

“These are a very diverse set of countries, and I wouldn’t dare generalize across the entire set of them.  The one thing I can say about each of these is that in terms of copper (Peru and Chile), Iron (Brazil), soy (Brazil and Argentina), and crude oil (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela) this particular set of Latin American nations and the respective commodities is very strategic for China.  China will continue to purchase imports of these commodities and to invest heavily in them.  These country’s governments should be strategic in return.  In order to get the broadest set of benefits from this new market player in China, Latin Americans have to see to it that they can also provide stable supplies over time, create jobs for their people, and manage their exchange rates so that commodities exports don’t crowd out more productive and employment creating activity.  If these nations see China as an opportunity, by bargaining hard with the Chinese and put in place parallel policies in terms of jobs, industrialization, and environmental policy, China may turn out to be a boon.“

As I am currently writing this post from China, where this book is not yet available, I unfortunately have not yet been able to get my hands on a copy of this book. In the 30 minutes I spoke with Dr. Gallagher he exhibited great insight on all that is the growth of Sino-Latin American relations and economic exchange.  I look forward to reading the book for myself after I get my hands on a copy in January when I travel to the US and South America.  If you the reader seek a rich and comprehensive analysis on the growth of China and Latin America’s relations, ChinaSouthAmerica highly recommends you pick up your own copy of The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization.

CLICK HERE to buy your own copy (hardcover) from Amazon.com of The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization

or, CLICK HERE for the soft cover edition

BRIC Love; Worthy reads about China-Brazil/Latam & India-Latam

1. China Investments: Brazil Top Focus

Brazil and natural resources are the main focus for China’s investments in Latin America writes Kevin P. Gallagher

China’s foreign investment into Africa has been generating a great deal of controversy. Some argue that China is becoming the new colonial power over Africa, others see China as a key source of foreign exchange that may finally help spur long-run economic growth in Africa [...click above to access the full story].

2. India Exports to Latin America

Minister of State for Commerce and Industry Jyotiraditya Scindia has emphasised the need for a shift in export from northern hemisphere to southern hemisphere in line with south-south cooperation. He said that while advanced nations would show an import growth of around 0.9-1 per cent in future, developing economies would exhibit an import growth between 4.5 and 5 per cent.

Mr. Scindia was speaking at a function organised by the Federation of Indian Export Organisations here on Tuesday to present the Niryat Shree and the Niryat Bandhu awards 2008-09. The awards honour outstanding exporters, export promotion councils, commodity boards, export development authorities, banks and other agencies.

Highlighting the potential and complementaries of economies between India and Latin America, the Minister said India needed to augment its exports to Latin American countries as these were vibrant economies. “The government will chalk out a strategy to facilitate exports and investment after an in-depth study which will be commissioned shortly,” he added [...click above to access the full story].

Sinopec to Invest $7.1 Billion in Repsol’s Brazil Unit

China Petrochemical Corp., the country’s second-largest oil and gas producer, will invest $7.1 billion in Repsol YPF SA’s Brazilian unit as the Spanish oil company raises funds to develop offshore projects.

Sinopec Group, as the company is known, will buy new shares in the Brazilian unit and will hold 40 percent of that division after the capital increase, Madrid-based Repsol said today in a statement. Shares in Repsol, which previously planned an initial public offering of the unit, jumped to a two-year high.

The acquisition is the second-largest overseas purchase by a Chinese company as the world’s biggest energy consumer snaps up fields to meet surging demand. Repsol has stakes in blocks in Brazil’s Santos and Espirito Santo basins and plans to invest as much as $14 billion there through 2019. It estimates the Guara and Carioca fields may hold as much as 3 billion barrels.

… Continue reading here direct from Bloomberg

China revives The Silk Road

Guest post from Calipe Chong, founder of VipoAsia and author of VipoAsia’s blog

The Ancient Silk Road - Wikicommons

China adopted West Development Strategy since January 2000 to beef up the economic development in the western region to close the gap with the prosperous eastern region at the coast line. In the last 10 years, the central government had financed more than 3.5 trillion yuan ($512.4 billion) to support development of the western region which consists of 12 western provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities with a combined population of about 370 million. They include Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. This year alone, China planned to invest 468.9 billion yuan ($69 billion) for projects in this region.

President Hu Jintao announced on May 21 at the central work conference that Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region would receive 2 trillion yuan ($295 billion) in next 5 years for fixed asset investment to double up its GDP to national average by 2015. The purpose is to improve Xinjiang’s infrastructure, self-development capacity, ethnic unity and social stability. Premier Wen Jiabao also proposed a series of preferential policies to boost Xinjiang, among which was the resource tax reform launched on June 1. The government is trying hard to reduce regional income disparities which have escalated into a big social problem. It hopes to harmonize the strife tension between ethnic Uyghur and Han Chinese.

The vast natural resources on minerals, oil and gas would also provide the return on this vast investment. Central state-owned companies and large private corporations are becoming a powerful engine for the rapid economic growth in Xinjiang.

Kashgar, an ancient Silk Road trading post located in western Xinjiang, has been singled out as an economic development zone meant to increase trade with nearby Central Asian nations. It is to be modeled after the special economic zone (SEZ) of Shenzhen with preferential policies in addition to becoming a comprehensive reform experimental zone. The 50 square kilometer SEZ is planned to boost the city’s economy and population to one million but also drive the economies of the surrounding cities and countries.

To further enhance the connectivity of Xinjiang, the government had begun constructing the second high speed railway line linking it with the inland cities and Beijing. This would make the journey from Urumqi, provincial capital of Xinjinag, to Beijing an awesome 12 hours compared with the current 40.

China has developed her high speed train to a remarkable speed of 350 Km per hour. And she now has the longest high speed train network in the world. She is experimenting train with speed of 500 Km per hour which will be delivered in less than 5 years time. The engineers and scientists are researching train with speed up to 1,000 km per hour. They hope the super high speed train would be operational in 10~15 years time. If that happens, it will revolutionize the whole transport industry and a major threat to short distance flight. The whole supply chain will have to be remodeled.

With the success of her high speed train, she now embarks on a very aggressive ambition to develop transcontinental high speed rail lines spanning across 17 countries. She is planning to develop 3 major rail lines as follows:

(a) Southern route – Kunming in southwest China with Singapore passing through Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia

(b) Western route – Urumchi in northwest China with Germany passing through Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey

(c) Northern route – Heilongjiang in northeast China with South-Eastern Europe through Russia

The whole network links 28 states with 81,000 km railroads. This massive network connecting China with Central Asia and Eastern Europe looks so much like the ancient Silk Road. I call it the Metallic Silk Route. It is mind-boggling and breathtaking for China to visualize such almost impossible feat. China has meticulously setting her plan to rekindle the ancient trading with Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia and South Asia.

She plans to build it with her own money in exchange for resources from the respective states. This would help her to tap opportunities and resources from the resource-rich Central Asia and less dependent from her current overseas suppliers. It will probably bring tremendous trade opportunities and wealth to the under-developed Central Asia which has been deprived from the global economy for centuries. Many states may find it hard to resist the China offer. Without the high speed railway, it is difficult for them to sell their resources to finance the nation building and welfare development.

The direct access to Middle East and Eastern Europe without using the sea lanes would mean that China can depend less on the narrow, congested and pirates infested Malacca Straits and controversial India Ocean and South China Sea. Any hiccups at these sea lanes could bring China economy to her knees. Chinese does not like someone holding his throat. The massive man power and resources to build and maintain the Great Wall to deter the invasion from the West is a good example of what China would do to keep her safe.

We need to understand the impact of ancient Silk Road to the countries involved to conceptualize what the Metallic Silk Route would bring to the region. The ancient Silk Road was an important path for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchants, pilgrims, missionaries, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China, India, Tibet, Persia, Arab and Rome for almost 3,000 years. The eastern road was made safe from bandits by the Han Dynasty in early 200 BC. Han Wudi managed to foster a safe passage with the various kingdoms in the region.

The road which was reputed as 6,400 Km long enabled trade in silk, slaves, spice, perfumes, medicines, jewels, artifacts, glassware, etc. More importantly it allows the spread of knowledge, ideas, teachings, culture, food, music, language and religion. All the countries not only gain wealth from the immense trading but also intellectual development from the diverse countries. Many inventions and thoughts were developed. It had flourished the civilizations at both ends of the continent. Buddhism was brought to China from India while Islam was brought to Central Asia from Arab. There are many Chinese Muslims living in western China right till now.

The Turks who came into power after the fall of Mongol Empire had literally cut off the Silk Road around 1400 AD. It had deprived the West from access to beloved silk and spice from the East. This had compelled Portugal and Spain to find an alternate sea route to the East. The success of the maritime explorers brought Europe to Asia and had helped it to become colonial powers for centuries. Without the quest to the East to acquire the commodities, the global development would not be what it is today.

In ancient time, the Romans would pay gold for the silk from China. And now China is buying resources from Central Asia with her huge foreign reserves. The Metallic Silk Route allows her vital oil and gas import from Middle East and Russia to flow in through an alternate route. This is a very critical strategy to sustain her huge consumption of energy. And she is also less vulnerable on the negotiation table with the less friendly countries.

China attempts to revitalize trading with her western neighbors is sensational and formidable in this new century. She cannot do it alone. Besides the contiguous states along the railway lines, she also needs the investment and involvement from the well developed nations to succeed. This spells great opportunities for companies willing to venture in this new frontier. This will be a new chapter in global trading.

In twenty years time, the whole Asia will revive her glory, might and global dominance once again after a millennium gap. The impact would be far greater than the ancient Silk Road era. The wind of power and influence never stop circulating around the globe.

* This entry has been published with the permission of the author, Calipe Chong of Vipo Asia.  Please visit VipoAsia to access his blog directly and read more of his insight on Asia and the world.

China’s centralised top-down approach to business in the outside world

The Sydney Morning Herald published a great piece on how China’s quest for mineral and energy wealth outside its borders is not coming along as easy as some media would suggest.

Chinese investors are finding that the centralised, top-down approach does not work in the rest of the world.

The map of China’s overseas resource investments is not a pretty picture. In the developed world, Chinese investors are tangling with unfamiliar regulations, labour markets and technologies.

In unstable nations, particularly in Africa, they are aligning themselves with transient regimes. In South America and the Pacific Islands, which have pugnacious traditions of local community rights, they are finding that doing cozy deals at the state level does not solve grassroots problems.

Click here to read the complete article direct from the Sydney Morning Herald